Political movements struggle to maintain unified leadership and coalition cohesion during prolonged conflicts

Leaders of armed or political movements face critical challenges in keeping rival factions aligned toward common goals when personal ambitions, ideological differences, and power struggles emerge. In Ethiopia's Fano rebellion, despite attempts at unity, competing leaders with different visions for the struggle create fractured movements that weaken overall effectiveness and prolong conflicts. Current solutions fail because they lack mechanisms to resolve leadership disputes and align incentives across competing power centers.